LeeLou李儒 算計之帷

原文網址:
http://hangtime.blogs.nba.com/2014/03/05/pacers-defensive-success-starts-with-stopping-the-pick-and-roll/

In today’s NBA, if a team can’t defend the pick-and-roll, it’s in trouble.
The league’s best record has been built on the Indiana Pacers’ No. 1 defense, of which their pick-and-roll coverage is an integral part.
Through Monday, the Pacers had allowed 0.94 points per pick-and-roll possession, easily the lowest mark in the league, according to SportVU data provided to NBA.com. As you’d expect, there’s a strong correlation between SportVU’s pick-and-roll numbers and defensive efficiency. The top four teams in the former are the top four in the latter.
Note: All stats included here are through Monday, March 3.

在現今的NBA裡，一支球隊如果不會防守擋拆，他們麻煩可就大了。
溜馬能夠取得目前全聯盟最佳戰績靠得正是他們No.1的防守能力，而面對擋拆時的防守補位是其中不可或缺的一部份。
根據SportVU提供的資料，截至星期一為止，溜馬防守pick-and-roll時每回合只丟掉0.94分，毫無疑問是聯盟最低失分。一如預期地，SportVU顯示的擋拆防守數據和防守效率有強烈地關聯性，擋拆守得好的前4名同時也是防守效率的前4名。
註: 這裡的數據統計到3/3(一)為止。

Top pick-and-roll defenses

The Pacers have two Defensive Player of the Year candidates in Paul George (on the perimeter) and Roy Hibbert (on the interior). And among 168 combinations that have defended at least 100 pick-and-roll possessions, the George-Hibbert combo ranks fourth, having allowed its opponent to score just 0.83 points per possession.
It shouldn’t be a surprise to see Kevin Garnett, Kendrick Perkins, Robin Lopez or Andrew Bogut on this list. Those guys are on the floor to defend. They know where to be and they communicate to the guy getting screened.
But you’ll also notice a common trait among some of the ball-handler defenders (Thabo Sefolosha, George, Shaun Livingston, Trevor Ariza and Klay Thompson) on the list: length. Those guys all put in the work on defense, but it certainly helps to have the wingspan to force the ball-handler into a circuitous route toward the screen and also block the passing lane after he’s picked up by the screener’s defender.

溜馬有兩位年度最佳防守球員的候選人: Paul George(外圍)和Roy Hibbert(內線)。在防守至少100次擋拆回合的168組人選中，他們排在第4名，平均失分為0.83分。
在這份名單中看到Kevin Garnett、Kendrick Perkins、Robin Lopez或Andrew Bogut並不意外，這些人上了場就是盡全力擋住對手，他們知道該做什麼，而且會提醒隊友pick-and-roll要來了。
然而你也會發現到名單上某些防守持球者的高手(Thabo Sefolosha、George、Shaun Livingston、Trevor Ariza 和Klay Thompson)有共同的特色: 身高。當然這些傢伙的努力很重要，但是關鍵是他們的臂展，這迫使那些持球者必須繞得更遠，同時也限制了傳球路徑。

Top pick-and-roll defense combinations

The data shows that both George and Hibbert distinguish themselves from their teammates when it comes to defending pick-and-rolls …

數據顯示George和Hibbert在擋拆的防守上贏過了其他隊友…

Pacers’ ball-handler defenders

Pacers’ screener defenders

Shot% = Percentage of screens in which the ball-handler attempted a shot

You’ll notice that the ball-handler takes more shots when Hibbert or Ian Mahinmi is defending the screener. The Pacers’ centers drop back in their pick-and-roll coverage, like this …
… while their power forwards come out high…

值得注意的是，Hibbert和Mahinmi在面對pick-and-roll時，持球者最後出手的比例偏高，這是因為他們的中鋒遇上擋拆時總是沉退…
…但大前鋒則是會跟上去…

Both Hibbert and Mahinmi have the length to prevent the ball-handler from getting to the rim, while still staying attached to the roll man. And often, the only available shot is a mid-range pull-up or a floater or runner from 8-12 feet. Those shots are worth less than 0.8 points per attempt.

不論是Hibbert或是Mahinmi，即使擋拆後跟著掩護者，靠著身高他們還是能夠阻止持球者直接上籃，通常空檔機會只有在8到12呎的中距離拔起出手、或是拋投、或是騎馬射箭，這些出手選擇平均只能得到0.8分而已。

NBA shot values per location

Here’s an example of George and Hibbert defending a pick-and-roll from the Mavs (a top-10 pick-and-roll offense) …
Hibbert stops Monta Ellis, but also gets back to recover to Samuel Dalembert. And since Lance Stephenson didn’t have to help, he’s able to run Shawn Marion off the 3-point line.
Indiana opponents have run more than 40 percent of their pick-and-rolls from the top of the key, but have had a little more success running them from the side of the floor …

影片: http://watch.nba.com/nba/video/channels/nba_tv/2014/03/05/20140305-ellis-dalembert-pr.nba
看看這個例子中George和Hibbert是怎麼防守小牛(擋拆進攻前10名)的pick-and-roll。
Hibbert先是擋住Ellis的路線，又即時還原防守對位到Samuel Dalembert，整個過程中Lance Stephenson都不需要去協防，所以Shawn Marion也無法在三分線上有空檔。
溜馬的對手有40%的擋拆都在弧頂發動，若是換到邊線附近去發動，成功率會稍微高一點…

Pick-and-rolls vs. Indiana, by location

Here’s the league’s best pick-and-roll combination getting an open jumper for Channing Frye by running it on the side of the floor, where there’s less help …
Luis Scola hedges hard, Hibbert is occupied by Miles Plumlee inside, and the other Pacers are on the opposite side of the floor, so there’s no one to account for the popping Frye.

影片: http://watch.nba.com/nba/video/channels/nba_tv/2014/03/05/20140305-dragic-to-frye.nba
這是聯盟最佳pick-and-roll搭檔在難以協防的邊線附近發動的攻勢，Channing Frye獲得了一個大空檔跳投。
Luis Scola努力擋住Dragic的去路，Hibbert被Miles Plumlee牽制在內線，而其他的溜馬球員都在球場的另外一邊，所以沒有人可以守到拉出去跳投的Frye。

Here’s a Dallas side pick-and-roll where George Hill helps from the weak side and Shane Larkin is wide open on the wing (maybe, in part, because he’s Shane Larkin).

這個例子是小牛從邊線發動的擋拆，George Hill從弱邊過來協防，留下Shane Larkin在側翼上有個大空檔(也許某種程度上來說，他們是故意的)。

The Heat had some success in the conference finals when they ran sideline screens toward the baseline, turning the Pacers’ defense inside out. Here’s a similar play from Portland …
Hibbert probably came out too far on Damian Lillard on that play, but the sideline pick-and-roll can give the ball-handler a better angle on the pocket pass, and the Blazers’ spacing makes it difficult to help from the weak side.
(More on the Blazers later in the week, when we address teams that don’t defend the pick-and-roll very well.)

去年的東區冠軍賽，熱火利用邊線附近的配合把球往底線帶，成功地逼使溜馬的內線出來補防，和下面這個對上拓荒者的play非常類似。
影片: http://www.nba.com/video/channels/nba_tv/2014/03/05/20140305-lopez-roll.nba
Hibbert在這個play中為了補防Damian Lillard遠離了禁區，而邊線pick-and-roll讓持球者有比較好的角度做出穿越兩名防守者的傳球(pocket pass)，同時拓荒者其他的隊友把空間拉開，讓弱邊的協防變得困難。
(下次會有更多拓荒者的部份，他們算是防守擋拆不太行的球隊。)

Even from the sideline, you’re not getting a great return on pick-and-rolls against the Pacers. That’s why they rank as one of the best defenses we’ve ever seen.

即使從邊線發動pick-and-roll，你還是很難從溜馬手中拿走太多的分數，這也是為什麼他們可以稱得上是史上最佳防守球隊之一。